Pablo Chang-Castillo is an entrepreneur with a free spirit and an enterprising and disciplined work ethic. The Founder and CEO of 成人动漫, Pablo was seemingly born into the translation and interpretation business. His last name alone, a hyphenated amalgam of China and Latin America, needs no embellishment as an emblem of diversity and the meeting of disparate cultures.

Originally from Nicaragua, his paternal grandfather was Chinese and his maternal grandfather was Spanish from Spain; he also has indigenous native-Nicaraguan ancestry. Always a world traveler, Pablo grew up between Central America and the United States before being sent abroad as an exchange student to school in France, Germany, and Italy. Eventually his entire family would move to the United States. Both Spanish and English were spoken in his home growing up, so language felt less embedded and fixed. It was possible to hear and speak two languages on the same day interchangeably. While now a citizen of the United States, Pablo considers himself a composite of three places: Nicaragua, the United States, and France. Or, as he likes to say, he is a 鈥�Nicafrencherican鈥�!

Early beginnings

成人动漫 began in 1993 when Pablo was only 18. An independent thinker committed to creating reality from dreams, he had always wanted to start his own business. Starting his own business meant freedom, the freedom to innovate and create something new, to solve problems and contribute to the community from a position of leadership and vision. Never one to follow the crowd, Pablo was inspired to start out on an entrepreneurial path early on and has never looked back.

Challenges and overcoming them

All businesses face challenges, and as 成人动漫 has grown over the years the largest challenge has been scaling up. Success has brought growth and the challenge of implementing new business processes. Everything has a procedure now. 成人动漫and Associates has become an entity in its own right, and so Pablo has had to create a larger vision to accommodate that growth. He has worked hard at creating processes to keep the company efficient and responsive to changing conditions and market trends. He鈥檚 also found it expedient to spot talent and work with it, surrounding himself with people who have areas of expertise which complement his own and add unique competencies to 成人动漫.

Unexpected challenges are stressful but provide the working validation of a company鈥檚 mettle and ability to adapt quickly to unforeseen circumstances. Once, when managing a conference on climate change there was a sudden, massive power outage right before the main plenary! There were two separate teams of English, Spanish, Portuguese, Mandarin, and Indonesian conference interpreters, one was a backup and one was working the plenary. Pablo rose to the occasion seamlessly switching his teams from simultaneous interpretation to consecutive interpretation until the power came back on. Thinking on his feet, his teams were able to keep the situation under control until the power was restored. Luckily, it was restored after fifteen minutes and before the world leaders hit the stage. When they did, things were functioning smoothly and you would never know that earlier, confusion had been narrowly averted. This is what 成人动漫 is all about: providing seamless language solutions, worldwide.

Always international in scope and mission

Chang-Castillo and Associates is headquartered in San Francisco but also has offices in Paris, France. Pablo spends time in both offices managing events requiring simultaneous or consecutive interpretation services, written translation services, and state-of-the-art interpretation equipment and booths — anywhere in the world. Always an international traveler, Pablo 成人动漫lives both in Paris and in San Francisco.

He was born in and grew up between Central America and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Pablo explains his reason for coming to live in the beautiful Bay Area, 鈥淪an Francisco reminds me of the ocean with the crisp, clean air of my native Bluefields, Nicaragua. My graduate studies at the prestigious Monterey (Middlebury) Institute of International Studies brought me to the Bay Area.鈥�

Just like our founder, CCA is truly international and is always ready to assist you with translation or interpretation services wherever you may need them in the world.

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A country dotted with castles amid forests, Germany is picturesque and saturated with history. 听While Germany is known for its precision, organization and orderly diligence, German literature and music are also filled with deeply romantic yearnings. Beethoven鈥檚 triumphant from his 9th Symphony, written after he became deaf, communicates a dawning and resilient happiness, a romantic rising above all odds. 听Now the anthem of the European Union, it is emblematic of the disciplined yet emotionally rich and always striving spirit of the German people and now 鈥� all of the EU. 听

A leading language in science, literature, and philosophy

The economic powerhouse of the EU, a source of stability as well as productivity, Germany is poised to remain a leader. 听As the 21st century unfolds, German is in use wherever international business or scientific research is conducted. 听The second most used language in science and the third language most used on websites, German is spoken by 88 million people as their first language, and around 10 million as a second language. 听A person who knows German will never be at a loss for reading materials. Philosophers like Nietzsche and Hegel and writers like Kafka and Holderlin are only the start of a deeper journey. Today, Germany is ranked fifth in the annual publication of new books with one-tenth of all books published worldwide being published in German. German business etiquette is direct and sometimes blunt, but punctuality as well as a no-nonsense approach where professionalism is valued and hierarchies are respected, has helped to establish the German economy as a powerful force worldwide. 听听

Martin Luther was pivotal to modern German

Martin Luther was an early progenitor of the German language as we know it today. He translated the Bible into German, helping to standardize the language and spread its influence. Luther鈥檚 translation was based primarily on the bureaucratic language of the time which retained the grammatical system of Middle High German. From these early efforts, German eventually became standardized as a written language though the dialects actually spoken in various regions varied. 听Eventually, in the beginning of the 20th century, an further established the standardization of German in its written form. 听Today, successive Orthological Conferences have refined that process and a standard German is used in broadcast media, literature, and in government. 听

Three standards of German

German is a pluricentric language. 听Pluricentric languages have distinct versions in different regions. 听These are not considered dialects but actually are different varieties of standard German. They are Swiss Standard German, German Standard German, and Austrian Standard German. While regional differences are defining, these varying standards should not be confused with regional dialects. Regional standards of German may be influenced by local dialects, but they are distinct as a whole and form their own unique standard of the language. Vocabulary and some grammar, pronunciation, and orthography differ between the standard German languages. English is also pluricentric and like Germany has differences between regional standards. American English is distinct from British English with certain vocabulary and spelling conventions for example — 听although the two are similar enough to be understood by speakers of each. 听

Compound words and flexible word order

German has many distinctive features. Most memorable to English speakers are the long compound words in German that are written without spaces or hyphens. Some of these compound words can be extraordinarily long, sometimes stacking ten words together to form one long compound. 听Word order in German also differs from English in that it is more flexible and has no bearing on whether the noun is a subject or object. This flexibility allows German speakers to emphasize certain words or to use 鈥渓anguage tools鈥� like poetic meter or certain figures of speech more freely. 听

English is a Germanic language

Certainly, the study of German opens up a world for English speakers. English is actually part of the Germanic family of languages although it went off into a unique direction of its own at an earlier juncture point in history. The German language carries a historical trajectory that can help English speakers understand our own language鈥檚 history and development over time. With so many in the EU speaking German and Germany being such a dynamic and important trading and cultural partner of the United States, certainly studying German is well worth the effort. 听

成人动漫 can also open up the doors to understanding German, whether it is written or spoken. 听Let us know when you need a document translated or an event interpreted, contact us for a free consultation today. Thank you and vielen Dank!

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Originating from the Latin spoken in the streets of the Roman Empire or 鈥淰ulgar Latin鈥�, Italian is anything but vulgar to the ears of English speakers or to anyone who discovers the alliteration and beauty of its lyrical cadences.

A language of aural beauty, providing aesthetic pleasure, Italian was forged by Tuscan poet who lived in the 14th century, the late Middle Ages. Dante wrote the Commedia, later called 鈥淭he Divine Comedy鈥� by yet another influential Tuscan poet, Giovanni Boccaccio. 听In time, The Divine Comedy was read throughout Italy and its dialect would become the standard for the Italian language.

Birth of the Italian Language

In Dante鈥檚 time, Italian was not yet standardized and there were many competing dialects spoken in the numerous Italian city-states. Dante wrote and spoke Florentine derived from his native city of , an area of Tuscany. 听听He was a visionary and an innovator understanding the need for literature created from a unified literary language that would go beyond the confines of Latin. 听In this, he was a forerunner of the Renaissance, when vernacular literature would be created in competition with earlier classical writers who wrote in Classical Latin. Italian was at the forefront of this amazing time in history that opened the minds of people in Europe and finally the world. 听Italian remains a language transformed by a poet from an amalgam of regional dialects and Latin into a literary language capable of containing and creating a work of epic structure and grand philosophic ambition. 听This innovative act also set a new precedent for poetry and other writing to be published in a language other than Classical Latin, which was also the language of the Liturgy and so 鈥� the Church. 听The creation of a literary language set the stage for secular and humanist literature. 听Dante鈥檚 Divine Comedy opened up literature to a wider audience while creating the standard for the Italian language as we know it today. 听Dante called the language that he wrote in Italian.

Fluent Intricacies with only 21 Letters

With only 21 letters in its alphabet, Italian excludes the letters j, k, w, x and y in Italian proper though they sometimes appear in loanwords from English like 鈥渏eans鈥� or 鈥渢axi鈥�. 听Italian grammar is typical of Romance languages although it diverges more from Spanish in grammar and vocabulary than is generally believed. In fact, Italian is a bit more similar to French. As a matter of fact, many Italian speakers prefer listening to a French interpreter rather than an English or Spanish one. 听Word order is relatively free compared to most European languages, the position of verbs is highly mobile. 听In other words, the order of words in a phrase doesn鈥檛 have a grammatical function as it does in Germanic languages like English or German. In this regard, Italian remains the closest to Latin of all the Romance languages. 听Adjectives are sometimes placed before their noun and sometimes after. 听Subject nouns do generally come after the verb. 听Interestingly enough, this fluency also applies to gender. 听While Italian has two genders, masculine and feminine, there are a number of nouns that change their gender when singular and when plural 鈥� having a masculine singular and a feminine plural. 听These are sometimes considered neuter and are derived from neuter Latin nouns. 听The third person singular is also an instance of neuter gender.

Also spoken in Switzerland, Argentina, and Somalia

Italian today is spoken as a native language by 59 million people in the European Union and as a second language by 14 million. 听Many around the world also speak Italian, including in non-EU countries such as Switzerland and Albania, as well in Argentina (after Spanish) and Malta. 听Italian is also the fifth most taught foreign language in the world after English, French, German, and Spanish. 听Italian was an official language in Somalia during the Colonial period but fell out of use during the Somalian Civil War. 听Today, there are still traces of the language since certain educated or elderly people in Somalia still retain the knowledge of it. 听听Certainly, Italian has traveled the world and continues to be an important language of business, art, travel, and literature. 听Worldwide, around 85 million people speak Italian today. Many words are borrowed in many languages from Italian for fashion, art, motorsports, and opera. 听These loanwords are taken for granted though it is hard to imagine the opera or fashion without Italy.

Here at 成人动漫, we can help your business to translate and interpret Italian as it is spoken in various regions and with the aid of a mother tongue, platinum standard speaker. Contact us if you wish to learn more.

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Slightly larger than the continental United States, Brazil is a vast country with epic beauty and immense natural resources. It is also the birthplace of the , the archetypal beauty whose winsome walk has charmed many as she saunters along that shimmering beach so memorialized in song. Certainly she is symbolic of Brazil鈥檚 excessive and exquisite beauty. Not only does Brazil have gorgeous beaches but also mysterious and abundant rain forests in the Amazon, home to savage, carnivorous fish — the legendary Piranha. So between glamorous beach walking beauties (of both sexes) and terrifying man-eating fish, Brazil has an amazing diversity and a lot to experience. Now, it is becoming more than a tourist destination or in the case of the Amazon, a destination for an anthropological expedition. Brazil is fast becoming the new Latin American business powerhouse, an emerging global economic superpower that is now the second largest economy in the Western Hemisphere and the largest in Latin America! Brazil is also now the sixth largest economy in the world and growing. Welcome to the new Brazil! Along with its ascension, Brazilian Portuguese is fast becoming a leading language of international commerce.

Political Stability has Engendered Economic Growth

Already home to many indigenous tribes, the Portuguese settled in and established Brazil as a colony in 1532 when they settled in Sao Vicente. Brazil has gone through periods of dictatorship and military rule. Since the last military dictatorship was overthrown in 1985, it is now a Federal Republic, structured much like the United States with a separation of powers and a president. Brazil鈥檚 relatively new political stability has engendered its growing prosperity and its latest famous saunter is not a walk on the beach, but a walk onto the world economic stage. Always envisioned as 鈥渢he country of the future鈥�, imagined as a future destination of beauty and prosperity, in Brazil that future is fast becoming the now. It is the largest cattle producer in the world, has extremely strong technological and scientific growth, and produces millions of tons of steel, cement, and about 70 million cubic meters of petroleum that is processed into lubricant, propane gas, and fuel. The population has been growing steadily and is now over 190 million. Certainly, all of this commercial activity and production is a sign that Portuguese is of growing importance in business.

Portuguese from Portugal and Brazilian Portuguese

Lusophone countries are those where a large portion of the population speaks Portuguese. Portuguese in Brazil is similar to Portuguese in Portugal although it differs in phonology or the systematic organization of sound in the language. In formal writing, there is relatively little difference between Brazilian Portuguese and Portuguese from Portugal. Some experts believe that these differences in formal writing are comparable to the differences between American and British English. There are certainly some differences in grammar. In 1990, in order to officially organize Portuguese, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), which includes not only Brazil and Portugal but Mozambique, Angola, Equatorial Guinea and Cape Verde, convened and reached an agreement on the written organization (orthography) of听Portuguese. The CPLP divided Portuguese into two groups: Brazilian Portuguese and the remaining Lusophone countries outside of Brazil. Certainly the fact that Brazil was large enough, culturally distinctive and influential enough to be recognized as having its own type of Portuguese bodes well for Brazil鈥檚 growing economic and cultural influence.

Let us know here at 成人动漫 if you need translators or interpreters for projects requiring Brazilian Portuguese or Portuguese from another area. Our Platinum Standard translators and interpreters will be happy to assist you.

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The deal making of the near future will very often be done in Chinese – Mandarin Chinese. While English will continue to be the preeminent language of business globally, at least for the immediate future, without question Mandarin Chinese is on the rise around the world as China continues to gain traction as an emerging superpower.
China already commands a powerful presence on the world stage with Chinese being spoken by over 1 billion people. Since China has opened up more to a free market economy with designated free market zones, the energy and dynamism of its people and civilization has been galvanized and Chinese businesses are proliferating across the globe. China is investing in Africa and Chinese consumers are buying more products from every part of the world. Recently, the Chinese E-commerce startup AliBaba had a world shaking IPO that was the largest in history topping out at $25 billion US dollars. Without question the business person of the 21st century will need to possess fluency or at least more than a passing familiarity of Mandarin Chinese.

What is Mandarin

Mandarin Chinese is China’s most popular dialect and is actually a group of related varieties of Chinese spoken predominantly, though not exclusively, in northern and western China. Standard Chinese, a relatively recent intervention standardized by the Chinese government, is based on a pronunciation that uses sounds most associated with the Beijing dialect although its vocabulary is drawn from varieties of the Mandarin dialects. Mandarin is also one of the four official languages of Singapore and the official language of Taiwan. With its huge number of speakers, Mandarin is becoming a leading language of commerce, and many people across the entire world today are studying it in order to gain entry into this emerging marketplace.

Other Meanings of Mandarin

Mandarin is itself an intriguing term and at one time drew to mind secrecy and an elite cadre of intellectuals or government officials. Dictionaries still list “a powerful official or senior bureaucrat, especially one perceived as reactionary and secretive” as a definition of the term, though it is down the list of definitions and not the most common. Another definition is that of a rarefied intellectual who travels in elite circles and speaks in erudite terms not always easily accessible to most people. These definitions are still in use but they obviously draw from an earlier period in Chinese history that was not as open or as expansive. Today, as Mandarin rises worldwide as a language of international business, these older definitions feel less pertinent and possibly the meaning of this richly nuanced term may again be transformed.

Cantonese in the Chinese Diaspora

As Mandarin rises, another dialect of Chinese continues to be spoken in many important places around the world, that dialect is Cantonese. Cantonese is the paramount language of the Chinese diaspora and is spoken by Chinese immigrants in the United States and Canada. San Francisco is home to the diaspora’s most populous and well known city within a city, it’s world-renowned Chinatown where Cantonese can be heard on buses, in stores, and on the bustling streets. San Francisco’s Chinatown is a leading tourist attraction with world class Chinese cuisine and colorful shops that enchant the eye. Each year, a wondrous Chinese New Year’s parade gambols through the streets with fireworks, lion dancers, acrobats, and dragon floats.

Hong Kong and Macau both speak Cantonese

Cantonese is also spoken in at least two other very important Chinese destinations: Hong Kong and Macau. Hong Kong is a densely populated Chinese port city whose extraordinarily tall towers and skyscrapers light this global financial center with an energetic luminosity. Populated primarily by Cantonese who fled the mainland’s province of Canton after the Communist takeover in 1949, Hong Kong today is a highly autonomous city state that is considered a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. Macau also shares this distinction and is considered the Las Vegas of East Asia. Highly prosperous and mostly self-governing, Macau, a former Portuguese colony, enjoys distinctive colonial Portuguese architecture alongside traditional Chinese buildings and modern towers and brightly lit casinos.

The Differences

So without question, Cantonese continues to be an important dialect, even if Mandarin is currently the favorite for business internationally. The primary difference is in pronunciation and the distinctive use of certain words or phrases in one dialect and not the other. Pronunciation differs in that Cantonese has 6 tones and Mandarin has 4.

We can help your business to translate and interpret all of these dialects

Another important dialect is Taiwanese which is, of course, spoken in Taiwan and has its own niche. Understanding the regional language differences between China and Taiwan is essential for businesses operating in both markets. Without question, going forward all these Chinese dialects will continue to gain importance. Here at 成人动漫, we focus on helping your business make sense of all of these nuances and important variations of Chinese, helping your business access these emerging marketplaces. Our translators and interpreters are standing by to enable your company to flourish in this exciting time. Do contact us to find out how we can help your business with Mandarin or any other language that your business needs.

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With so many languages in the world to learn, and the accelerating rise of China as a global economic superpower, why are French and Spanish still so very important in the world of business? Certainly, French has been overtaken by Chinese, Arabic, or Russian? Hasn鈥檛 Spanish gone the way of the Spanish Armada? While globalization is creating new economic powerhouses as new markets open worldwide, Spanish and French endure precisely because of the indelible and powerful footprint laid down by Spain and France in the past. These countries left an ongoing and strong legacy that persists to this day and makes expertise in these two languages a necessity for any business that wants to reach a burgeoning customer base around the globe.

Spanish Speakers are Here to Stay

Today, Spanish is spoken by 37.6 million people in the United States and predictions are that the Latino population will reach nearly 128.8 million here by 2060! Spanish also remains the official language in 21 countries! It is an official language in the UN and is listened to by Portuguese speakers in lieu of English. Certainly Spanish is not a language to be taken for granted. The purchasing power of this burgeoning market will reach into the trillions of dollars as their population continues to grow.

Latin American Markets Open

Foreign investment is also pouring into Latin America at record levels, recently Pepsico announced its plan to invest $5 billion dollars in Mexico over the next five years. And, it鈥檚 not only sweet soft drinks that are spreading south of the border but investment in the plentiful raw materials of Latin America. China, Japan and the EU are investing heavily in the oil of Venezuela, the silver and copper of Peru, and the gold and timber of Chile. As Latin American countries continue to stabilize and become less enmeshed in drug cartel violence or odious government corruption, this investment is bound to increase. Spanish is the language that business will require as businesses compete to invest in Latin American countries and to sell their products into increasingly sophisticated and affluent populations.

The UK Wants to Speak Spanish

The British Council, the international organization in the UK for educational opportunities and cultural relations, recently ranked Spanish as the number one most desirable language for English speakers to learn based on the needs of UK business including trade. The EU is investing in Latin American economies at a bracing clip. Certainly, there has never been a better time for business people to learn Spanish.

French and the Chinese in Africa

Even as Spanish rises on the world stage, French is not to be left out. French is spoken by Chinese businessmen opening markets in French-speaking African countries. Right now, Chinese corporations are making huge inroads into African countries developing resources and building infrastructure. Since French is the official language in so many African countries听including Algeria, a country that is heavily invested in by the Chinese, anyone expecting to do business there needs the language. In fact, French is spoken in 30 of the 54 countries in Africa and in half of its ten fastest growing economies. 听

Worldwide French is the official language of 29 countries, and additionally as an official language of the UN — French can be listened to by Romanian and Italian speakers instead of English. French is the official or preferred language of many international organizations since France is one of the four largest industrial economies in the world and the second largest agricultural producer.

The United States Cannot Forget French

The United States is also heavily involved in the French-speaking economy since we export to more countries having French as their national language than any other foreign language. There is a relationship of mutual beneficence between France and the United States that is evident in the simple fact that the US invests more in France than it does any other country and France invests more in the United States than it does in any other country. Also, many popular American brands are actually made by French companies! These companies include: Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies (Alcatel), BF Goodrich Tires (Michelin) and Seagram’s (Pernod Ricard), Sheaffer Pen Company (BIC), as well as Vivendi Universal, a French company, that owns a 20% share in NBC Universal the parent company of such well known brands as Universal Pictures and the Sci-Fi channel. Certainly, going forward Americans need to continue to learn French, not only for the gateway it provides to some of the world鈥檚 best poetry and scintillating travel destinations but for the daily communication and complexity of commerce, for business.

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Being an international business interpreter can be an exciting profession, especially when your duties require you to travel around the world, meeting and interacting with others, in order to enhance business negotiations for your company and/or clients. That being said, there is a tremendous amount of responsibility involved. In addition to language fluency, business interpreters must be very aware of the more subtle language and cultural nuances that affect business communication and negotiations for both parties. Interpreters must also have the ability and flexibility to travel and be away from home for extended periods of time.

According to , a partner of the American Job Center Network, the median salary for interpreters and translators is $45,430, however, many business interpreters make significantly higher salaries, depending on the availability of other interpreters for that language, their skill and experience level, and their clients’ budgets. Also, their travel and board expenses are included while they are working, which can be an added bonus for those who love to travel. The expected job growth through 2020 is 29 percent or higher, which is greater than average.

The following are some of the duties expected of an .

Speaking and Listening

The most important role a business interpreter plays is one of listening and speaking. Professional translators must have an incredible amount of focus in order to listen carefully, and accurately convey, the spoken word of their clients and the clients’ business associates. Business fluency is an entirely different level of language fluency, and a translator must be able to quickly and precisely synthesize the spoken word of two languages in order to communicate complex ideas as accurately as possible.

Cultural Sensitivities

Language is only a part of the communication equation. Therefore, a business interpreter also must be highly in tune with. He must be able to interpret the verbal cues, as well as particular body language or nonverbal cues from both parties in order to provide an accurate interpretation of the words spoken. For example, in Japan, it is considered rude to express a direct negative. So, a Japanese businessman will often use the word tabun, meaning “maybe”, to indicate he is unwilling to consider a specific idea or proposal. However, in American culture, the word maybe indicates there is a possibility. The interpreter must understand these differences in order to accurately convey his clients’ message and intentions.

Extensive Travel

In many cases, an international business interpreter will need to travel great distances, and for significant lengths of time. Therefore, his or her lifestyle and family must be able to accommodate these needs. While the idea of compensated, worldwide travel may seem glamorous, there is a good chance that the entirety of the trip will be all work, with very little free time for personal travel.

Technology and Media

Today’s interpreters must be well-versed in a wide range of high-tech . This can include using technology for presentations, to facilitate meetings, or to assist the clients in communicating with one another.

Reading and Writing

Technically, interpreters deal with the spoken word, while translators deal with written communication. However, in the world of business interpretation, the lines between interpreter and translator can cross. You may be presented with documents and texts that will need to be translated for either party in a quick, efficient, and accurate manner.

More than anything else, a successful business interpreter has an innate love of language and enjoys working closely with people in the exciting and fast-paced business world.

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Simultaneous interpretation is usually contrasted with consecutive interpretation. That said, the adjective “simultaneous” may be a misnomer in that, although the interpreter is still in the booth wearing headphones and speaking into a mic, the interpreter needs to wait until the sentence is understood and processed before interpreting.

Nonetheless, a simultaneous interpreter is listening and translating one idea out loud while parsing the next. Simultaneous interpretation is actually seen as more challenging because any impediment to fluid translation, (e.g., searching for a language’s countervailing idiom) means missing out on the next idea, lagging behind and ultimately not performing well.

Simultaneous Interpretation’s Tools of the Trade

Soundproof Booths

Industry insiders say that over 5,000 business and governmental conferences take place around the world every year. This puts a high premium on simultaneous interpreters having the right equipment from the start. Perhaps a starting point is having an interpretation booth that conforms to ISO standards. ISO standard booths furnish simultaneous interpreters with the best acoustic environment for many languages spoken simultaneously.
The best booths are also designed to provide clear visuals and two-way communication. A well-designed booth will have low operation costs, flexibility, require hardly any assembly and the ability to be expanded and connected later. High-end booths should feature: double plexiglass, air conditioning, lighting systems and soundproof flooring.

Interpretation Systems

Some of the basic features that all simultaneous interpretation systems should have are: a monitoring unit, microphone headset, transmitter, receivers with headsets and all necessary cables. A compact monitoring unit ensures that two interpreters can, in turn, listen to the presenter and convey the information to the other interpreter. Using the equipment in this manner increases concentration and competency.

Even the most affordable interpretation systems will start at around 250,000 square feet of coverage. This means that simultaneous interpreters will be covered for community groups, church convocations and extensive focus groups. For larger events, simultaneous interpreters will require wireless microphones; ideally, one handheld and one lapel-attached wireless microphone would be employed to streamline speeches as well as question-and-answer sessions.

IR Systems

For security purposes (and closely adjacent rooms) an IR system might be the best solution vs. an FM system. High-end IR systems will feature relay interpretation and separate volume and tone controls for two or more interpreters working together. Also, two or more microphones in an IR system allows smooth transitions among interpreters.
Another factor to consider with an IR system is that the infrared is unable to penetrate walls; therefore, an IR system with infrared capabilities is ideal for a high-level political setting. This is so because of the added security and diminished crosstalk that infrared-capable IR systems possess. IR systems should feature around two dozen receivers (with headsets) as well as carrying cases and applicable cables.

PA Systems

Especially for smaller venues, simultaneous interpreters require a field mixer, PA system or wireless microphones. Lapel and hand-held microphones are essential for wireless microphone packages. Also, field mixers can help ensure that translations sound crisp and clear, streamlining the transmission process.

Encrypted Systems

For added security, consider an encrypted, two-way listening system. The administrator can, in essence, lock-in volume and tone controls with a four-digit security key. This helps prevent last-second changes or accidents during simultaneous interpretation. These encrypted systems are usually harmonized to prevent interference as well.

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When conducting business in Russia, before you even arrive, it is important to familiarize yourself with the most important basic phrases. Learning some of the following will allow you to travel around more easily, communicate your needs to non-English speakers, and greet those you are working with in their own language.

听

Greetings

Hello (formal) –听Zdravstvujte

Hi (informal) –听Privet

Good morning –听Dobroe utro

Good evening – Dobyj vecher

How are you? (formal) –听Kak vy pozhivaete?

How’s it going? (informal) –听Kak dela?

I’m fine –听U menia vsio horosho

Fine, thanks, and you? – Horosho spasibo, a vy?

Glad to meet you –听Rad vstreche c toboi

Introductions

My name is… –听Menja zovut…

What’s your name? –听Kak vas zovut?

Where are you from? –听Otkuda vy?

I am from… –听Ja iz…

Partings

Goodbye –听Do svidanija

Goodnight –听Spokojnoj nochi

So long –听Poka

See you later –听Uvidemsia pozjue

I must be going –听Ja dolzhen idti (masculine) / Ja dolzhna idti (feminine).

Hope we’ll meet again –听Nadejus’, my eschjo uvidimsja

Basic Phrases

Yes –听Da

No –听Net

Maybe – Mozhet byt’

I know – Ia znaiu

I don’t know – Ian e znaiu

Let me think – Duy mne podumat’

Not now – Ne sejchas

Please – Pojaluista

Thank you –听Spasibo

Thank you very much –听Bol’shoe spasibo

You’re welcome –听Pozhalujsta

Excuse me –听Isvini

I’m sorry –听Ia sojaleiu

Sure –听Konechno

I don’t speak Russian –听Ja ne govorju po-russki

I only speak a little Russian –听Ja nemnogo govorju po-russki

What did you say? –听Shto te skasla? (masculine) / Shto te skasala? (feminine)

I understand –听Ja ponimaju

I don’t understand –听Ja ne ponimaju

Speak slowly –听Govorite medlenno

Repeat, please –听Povtorite, pozhalujsta

Help! –听Pomogite!

Interrogatives

Who? –听Kto?

Who is this? –听Kto eto?

Who is there? –听Kto tam?

What? –听Chto?

What is it called? –听Kak eto nazyvaetsja?

What’s the matter? –听V chjom delo?

Where? –听Gde?

Where from? –听Otkuda?

Where are we? –听Gde my?

Where is that? –听Gdeeto?

When? –听Kogda?

How? –听Kak?

How much? –听Skol’ko?

How much money? –听Skol’ko deneg?

How much time? –听Skol’ko vremeni?

Why? –听Pochemu?

Which? –听Kakoj?

Office Vocabulary

Chair –听Stul

Desk –听Pis’myennyj stol

Computer –听Komp’yutyerom

Telephone – Tyelyefon

Pencil –听Karandash

R茅sum茅 –听Ryezyumye

Email –听Imyeil

Email address –听Adryes elektronnoj pochty

Attachment –听Prikryeplyonnij fajl

Interview –听Ntyerv’yu

Fax –听Faks

Manager –听Yenyedzhyer

Boss –听Nachal’nik

Coworker –听Kollyega

Client –听Kliyent

Useful Work Phrases

Here is my card –听Vot moia kartochka

Come to my office –听Prihodi ko mne v ofice

What’s your email? –听Kakoj u vas imyeil?

Do you have an email? –听U vas yest’ imyeil?

I’ll email you –听Ya poshlyu tyebye imejl

Call me please –听Pozvonitye mnye pozhalujsta

My phone number is… –听Moj nomyer tyelyefona…

To avoid having to memorizing all of the above, keep this list with you for quick reference while on your business trip. If need more than just a few phrases, we offer comprehensive translation and interpretation services in Russian, including dedicated support for business events in Moscow.

The post Key Phrases to Know When Conducting Business in Russia appeared first on 成人动漫.

If you’re an English speaker, you can easily make your way throughout Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand, where English is the native language. However, along your journey, you may struggle to understand a few words here and there due to distinct accent differences. Or, you may notice that certain spellings or phrases are different than the ones you are used to back home. This is much the same for those who speak Spanish. The differences between Latin American and Castilian Spanish won’t prevent two people from communicating, but there are noticeable differences in pronunciation, verb conjugations, and even the meanings of similar vocabulary words.

If you are traveling between Latin American and castilian Spanish speaking countries for pleasure, these language variations won’t cause a problem. However, if you are conducting business transactions, you may want to consider using a translator who is well versed in both to ensure you put your most professional foot forward.

What Created the Differences Between Latin American Spanish and Castilian Spanish?

In a nutshell, the differences between these two forms of Spanish were created by the simple matter of distance and time. Language has a way of evolving, and this is especially true as cultures collide and certain expressions, words, or phrases begin to intermingle with other linguistic influences. Castilian Spanish is the traditional Spanish, spoken in the north and central part of Spain. As explorers began to set out and colonize the west, this root of the Spanish language began a slight evolution which has created permanent changes in the way the language is expressed, both in sound and grammar. Even within Latin America there are countless variations of Spanish dialects, from the Rioplatense Spanish spoken in Buenos Aires to the Caribbean Spanish of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

Here are some examples of the differences between Latin American Spanish and castilian Spanish.

The Lisp

One of the most noticeable differences between the two versions of Spanish is the notable “lisp” that occurs when Castilians pronounce the cand the z. In fact, from the linguistic stand point, it isn’t a lisp at all but, rather, a difference in pronunciation. Castilian Spanish uses a th sound when the letters c or z occur before an i or e. So, for example, in Mexico the spoken word for sky, cielo, is pronounced see-eh-low. In countries the use Castilian pronunciation, the same word is pronounced thee-eh-low.

Grammar

Castilian Spanish speakers use the vos conjugations, rather than the informal 迟煤 form used in most Latin American countries. This can get very confusing for Spanish speakers who never used this verb form, but it is relatively easy to catch on to with a bit of practice. Also, in Spain, they often use vosotros for the plural form for 迟煤, whereas Latin Americans usually use the plural ustedes. There are also a variety of small, mostly colloquial differences that are all dependent on what region the speaker is from.

Vocabulary Words

You will find that certain familiar words may not mean exactly the same thing depending on where you are traveling. For example, the word computer is computadora in most Latin American Countries, but it is orenador in Spain. Latin Americans will say manejar (to drive) while Spaniards will most likely say conducir. There are dozens of small differences like these, none of which will get you into trouble, but will require careful attention if you are spending a significant amount of time in a particular location.

Most languages begin to morph as people spread out and integrate with other cultures and languages. However, a little study and practice will overcome these barriers. If necessary, you may want to engage a professional translator for any transactions where 100% accuracy is required.

The post Understanding the Differences Between Latin American and Castilian Spanish appeared first on 成人动漫.